Fine-root dynamics in mixed boreal conifer – broad-leafed forest stands at different successional stages after fire

نویسندگان

  • Leena Finér
  • Christian Messier
  • Louis De Grandpré
چکیده

Fine-root (diameter ≤ 10 mm) standing biomass, length, distribution, production, and decomposition were studied in mixed conifer – broad-leafed forest stands 48, 122, and 232 years after fire on clay soils in the southern boreal forest of Quebec. A combination of ingrowth bags, soil cores, and root litter bags was used. Forest composition changed from trembling aspen(Populus tremuloides Michx.) dominated stands in the youngest stage to balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and then to eastern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) stands in the oldest stage. The fineand small-root standing biomass did not differ significantly between the forest successional stages. However, the total root length was significantly more developed in the 48-year-old successional stand than in the 232-year-old stand. Within the investigated soil profile (depth =30 cm) most roots (>80%) were found in the 5 to 8 cm thick organic layer and the top 10 cm of the mineral soil. Root biomass in the organic layer increased significantly after fire, and a simultaneous increase in thickness of the organic layer was observed. The ingrowth of roots into ingrowth bags during one and two growing seasons was more than twice as high in the youngest stand as in the oldest one. However, the differences were not statistically significant because of high variation. Fine roots of aspen decomposed significantly faster than those of balsam fir and cedar in all forest stands. The results suggest that root production, the rate of decomposition, and presumably the rate of turnover are higher in forest stands dominated by early successional broad-leafed species such as aspen than in stands composed of late successional coniferous species such as fir, spruce, and cedar. Differences in root dynamics may contribute significantly to the change in the carbon and nutrient cycling often reported with succession in the boreal forest. Résumé : La biomasse totale, la longueur, la distribution, la production et la décomposition des radicelles (diamètre ≤ 10 mm) ont été mesurées 48, 122 et 232 ans après feu dans des peuplements mixtes de conifères et de feuillus établis sur des sols argileux dans le Sud de la forêt boréale du Québec. Une combinaison de méthodes a été utilisée : des sacs de croissance, des carottes de sol et des sacs de décomposition des radicelles. La composition en espèces forestières passait des peuplements dominés par le peuplier faux-tremble (Populus tremuloides Michx.), dans le stade le plus jeune, aux peuplements de sapin baumier (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) et de thuya occidental (Thuja occidentalis L.), dans le stade le plus âgé. Les peuplements des divers stades de succession n’étaient pas significativement différents entre eux quant à la biomasse totale des radicelles et des petites racines. Cependant, la longueur totale des racines dans le peuplement de 48 ans était significativement supérieure à celle du peuplement de 232 ans. Dans le profil de sol étudié (profondeur = 30 cm), la majeure partie des racines (> 80%) était localisée dans la couche organique de 5 à 8 cm d’épaisseur et dans les 10 premiers centimètres du sol minéral. La biomasse des racines situées dans la couche organique augmentait significativement après feu. Un accroissement simultané de l’épaisseur de la couche organique était également observé. Dans le peuplement le plus jeune, après une et deux saisons de végétation, la croissance des radicelles dans les sacs de croissance était plus du double de celle observée dans le peuplement le plus âgé. En raison de la très grande variation, ces différences n’étaient toutefois pas statistiquement significatives. Dans tous les peuplements forestiers, les radicelles du peuplier se décomposaient significativement plus rapidement que celles du sapin et du thuya. Ces résultats suggèrent que la production des radicelles, la vitesse de décomposition, et vraisemblablement la vitesse du turnover, sont plus grandes dans les peuplements forestiers dominés par des espèces feuillues des premiers stades de succession, comme le peuplier faux-tremble, que dans les peuplements composés d’espèces de conifères des stades de succession avancés comme le sapin, l’épinette et le thuya. Ces différences dans la dynamique des radicelles pourraient contribuer aux changements, souvent rapportés en forêt boréale, dans les cycles du carbone et des éléments nutritifs selon les stades de succession. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 1998